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'The Dutch team of 1974 is often compared to The Beatles with Johan Cruyff as John Lennon'
This article was originally published on the eve of the 2014 World Cup.
Though the great sport successes are always fondly remembered, there’s a special place reserved for those painful moments too.
In the build-up to this summer’s World Cup, we will examine a selection of the biggest tournament tragedies and chart the social and cultural impact they had on players, managers and fans.
In the second of a series of essays, we look back on the Holland team of 1974 and how their beauty was scarred forever after a World Cup final defeat to Germany.
PERHAPS THE BIGGEST tragedy of all was the final few minutes. The Dutch were frantically searching for an equaliser. They harried the Germans, they crashed furiously into challenges, they desperately tried to charge past their opponents along the touchline.
Most tragically of all, they thumped the ball high and long into the German area, seeking some sort of miracle. In the midst of World Cup failure, they had inexplicably become like all the others. Out of ideas, they were reduced to imitation. It seemed a sin. They were revolutionaries.
July 7th, 1974 was a death knell for the freedom of expression that formed through the 60s. For the Dutch, their Summer of Love didn’t end on Altamont Speedway in 1969 but at Munich’s Olympic Stadium four and a half years later. Both incidents signaled the end of a counter-culture. Both incidents signaled the end of optimism, open-mindedness and new-wave. Both incidents signaled the start of pragmatism, cynicism and suspicion of anything different.
David Winner, author of Brilliant Orange: The Neurotic Genius of Dutch Soccer, tells The42 there’s an undeniable cultural and social overlap.
It’s no coincidence that the Dutch team of 1974 seem such a reflection of the zeitgeist. They were formed through the discussions and rebellion of the previous decade. In Cruyff, the Dutch had a Johnny Strabler, Jim Stark and Steve McQueen all rolled into one. He may not have had a motorcycle but he had a football. He was a provocateur. And he was a movie star. In 1972, at the height of Ajax’s peak, Maarten de Vos made a film about him, following his every move with a camera. We see him arrive at training in his sports car. We see him, in his checked, short-sleeved shirt and manicured shoulder-length hair in profile. We see him in slow-mo on the pitch, each movement appearing so poised, so balletic. It’s all played out to a Burt Bacharach-inspired soundtrack.
Cruyff has long held the belief that Holland’s 1974 World Cup was a success because the team’s legacy was one of beauty. He felt their failure to win a trophy was irrelevant. They changed everything. They were unique. They ripped up the rule-book and created their own. They didn’t need a piece of silverware to know they had accomplished something special. The sentiment has been carried through the last four decades and become part of the Dutch culture.
In many ways, Holland shouldn’t have been at the World Cup in 1974. They qualified on goal difference but in their final group game against the Belgians in the previous November, Jan Verheyen had a perfectly good goal ruled out for offside. Had it stood, the Dutch would’ve been eliminated. But, that doesn’t quite fit the narrative. Like Altamont, the ideal would crash and burn on the biggest stage possible with the whole world watching.
Three months before the World Cup got underway, Holland changed their manager. Rinus Michels, the man who had created the Total Football, possession/precision-based system deployed by his glorious Ajax team of the late 60s/early 70s replaced Frantisek Fadhronc and set about re-creating his philosophy with the national side. The bulk of the team was made up of players from Ajax and Feyenoord. Between 1970 and 1973, they won four European Cups between them. In 1974, Feyenoord racked up a UEFA Cup too. In Johan Cruyff, Holland also possessed a Spanish league winner and reigning World Footballer of the Year. But, the best club team in Europe in 1974 was Bayern Munich. Beckenbauer, Muller, Maier, Breitner and Hoeness were the spine of the German side too, a side crowned European champions in 1972.
Holland were drawn in Group 3, alongside Sweden, Bulgaria and Uruguay. Their first game against the South Americans was a breezy affair with Johnny Rep scoring very early and very late to ensure a comfortable 2-0 win. The next assignment was a game against Sweden and it’s best remembered for providing the perfect snapshot of the Dutch team.
Cruyff invented an impudent piece of trickery when he instantly killed a cross-field ball with his left foot and somehow kept control as it threatened to bounce away from him. Marshaled by Jan Olsson, Cruyff was forced away from goal, the defender snapping at his heels. As he went to pass the ball inside, Cruyff planted his left boot in the turf for balance and used his right to sweep the ball behind him. It all happened too quickly for a bamboozled Olsson, who bought the dummy and stuck out his left foot to try and block the pass. Cruyff had already gained a couple of yards and headed for the touchline. The arrogance continued when he bent in a wondrous cross using the outside of his right boot. It really should’ve been converted but, fittingly, Holland squandered the chance.
The game ended scoreless. Typical Holland. Though a defining football moment, ‘The Cruyff Turn’ happened in a game the Dutch failed to win. It was beautiful but flawed. Useless beauty, but not. Cruyff, so magnificent in his movement, balletic like in his film two years before, wasn’t a footballer. He seemed something else, other-worldly almost. To dub him a ‘footballer’ seemed disrespectful. He was an artist, an architect and athlete rolled into one.
Against Bulgaria in their final group fixture, Cruyff was masterful again. His pace and power made the first goal – a penalty scored by Johan Neeskens. As the teams ran back to the centre-circle, Cruyff, ever the leader, mouthed instructions to his comrades. Theo de Jong scored Holland’s fourth and final goal with an astute diving header. It was created by Cruyff, who nonchalantly curled in a pinpoint cross onto de Jong’s forehead. It was effortless.
In the knockout stage, Holland destroyed Argentina, beating them 4-0 in what was an irresistible performance. Cruyff scored twice and set up another for Johnny Rep with a majestic cross from the left side. Even Cruyff’s second goal is something to behold – a controlled right-footed volley from a tight angle through a crowded six-yard area.
On a wave, Holland swept aside the challenge of East Germany and prepared for a ‘semi-final’ against Brazil. Four years on from ‘jogo bonito’, Pele’s dummy and that goal by Carlos Alberto, it seemed like the passing of the baton. Two countries intent on expressing themselves, determined to use the field as a canvas and the ball as a brush. Except, this was a different Brazil. A nastier team with a temper. The violence was punctuated by two Dutch goals with Cruyff, naturally, involved in both. For the first, he sent in a low cross from the right side that was floated to the net by Neeskens. Shortly after, Cruyff flung himself at a cross from the left side, powerfully and acrobatically volleying home at the near post. Cruyff had, single-handedly, qualified his side for a World Cup final. And that’s when the fun started.
The opponents were important. Germany. It allowed references to the second World War creep into conversation. Holland, it was whispered, were out for revenge. When the war started, Germany promised never to attack Holland. And then they did. So, this time, Holland looked to humiliate the Germans, to embarrass them. One of the Dutch players, Wim van Hanegem, had watched his father, his sister and his two brothers die in the war. Hubris. But ultimately, Holland’s biggest opponents were themselves and their preparations for the final were lost in a haze of ill-discipline. The fatal flaw thesis. What built them up brought them down. What set them apart, ripped them asunder. The blind arrogance and freedom of expression led to devastating downfall.
Five days before the final, the German newspaper BILD Zeitung published a story detailing how a ‘naked pool party’ had taken place at the Holland team’s hotel with several unidentified players and local girls involved. The paper alleged it had photographs but never ran them. At a press conference, Michels denied everything and claimed it was all part of a wider German conspiracy. The players did likewise but it added an extra edge to the Munich decider and fueled rumors that the Holland squad were losing control.
As promised, Holland set out to toy with the Germans. The game kicked off and within moments, Cruyff had the ball. He took his time in possession and then, suddenly, he took off. He glided towards the area, chased by Berti Vogts. As he reached the eighteen-yard line, Uli Hoeness lunged at him and brought him down. Referee Jack Taylor pointed to the spot though it looked like the infringement occurred outside the box. Neeskens, so reliable in front of goal throughout the tournament, stepped up and scored. The first German player to touch the ball was their goalkeeper, Sepp Maier. Humiliating.
But Germany would head to the half-time interval in front. Paul Breitner equalised from the penalty spot after Wim Jansen had clumsily fouled Bernd Holzenbein. Just before the break, Gerd Muller scored a superb poachers’ goal, showing impeccable balance to align his body just right and sweep a low strike to the far corner from close-range after initially mis-controlling.
The second half saw Holland pepper the German goal to no avail. It was especially cliched: the resolute Germans and the beautiful losers from Holland. But as the full-time whistle sounded, the Dutch drew two major conclusions: the Germans had cheated and Holland had done well – the World Cup had been a resounding success with just a minor blip at the end. And those two misguided conclusions ensured the country is still trying to get over the trauma.
They called it The Lost Final. It took on mythical status. ‘How did we lose?’, they asked themselves. The fascination with the ‘cheating’ Germans continued throughout the next decade. The Dutch grew to despise them. After the sides met in the semi-final of Euro ’88, Ronald Koeman wiped his backside with Olaf Thon’s jersey. The next year, when the teams clashed in Rotterdam, a banner in the home section likened Lothar Matthaus to Hitler. At the World Cup in 1990, Frank Rijkaard was sent-off for spitting at Rudi Voller. At Euro ’92, hooligans fought on the streets. It was relentless until 2004 and the publication of a book entitled ’1974: We Were The Best’ by Auke Kok which suggested the Dutch had deserved to lose, that Germany deserved to win and it was because of self-destruction that Holland failed to win the World Cup. It became a best-seller in Holland. Catharsis.
There’s a fascination to those that self-destruct. It dates back to Icarus. There’s a litany of books and magazines and films and TV shows dedicated to those that fly too close to the sun and get burnt. Those that got away, never properly fulfilling their purpose. Then again, perhaps they did. Perhaps the short, fleeting glimpse of something uniquely powerful or beautiful was enough. Perhaps that’s all we needed. Certainly, the Holland team of 1974 carries a mystique, an energy, a fascination shared only by those that left too soon.
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